The period 1980s to the first decade of this century saw the first of the foundational studies on India's environmental history. A central focus of these was on short-sighted and callous colonial policies that led not only to significant depletion of environment resources, but also to numerous anti-colonial movements in which tribal movements took centre stage. The past decade has been one in which a formal study of Tribal History has entered several university curricula in the social sciences. This volume arises from a national seminar on the subject organised at the Department of History, Faculty of Social Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. The world over, there is need for studies relating tribal histories with colonial period movements over the environment, for courses on Indian History. This volume of essays focusing on colonial tribal protest movements aims to fill that gap. Key subjects addressed include tribal history in relation to the colonial forest and land laws, the tribal subject in colonial construction, revolts and uprisings connected with colonial policy, and an examination of the rootedness in nature of tribal cultural, economic, demographic, educational and social traditions. The present volume aims to expose new scholarship on the subject and to provide a panoramic coverage of tribal ethnography, diverse ecologies and popular movements, while keeping tribal concerns at its centre. It focuses attention on key historical issues covered with background, thematic and conceptual studies.